Catalogue reference 2024-25
This reference describes the indicated catalogue. Check with the institution to confirm the current offer and the conditions applicable to your intake.
Specializations and variants
Honours Program
Bachelor of Arts in Geography Co-op (Honours only)
Bachelor of Science in Geography Co-op (Honours only)
Combined Major Program
Master of Arts (MA) Program
Program pathways and conditions
These tables reproduce the source requirements for the indicated period. Official interpretation is the responsibility of the university.
Pathway 1
| Year 1 | One credit from GEOG 1P01 , 1P02 , 1P03 |
| Year 1 | one credit from GEOG 1P10 , 1P11 , 1P12 |
| Year 1 | one Humanities context credit |
| Year 1 | one Social Sciences context credit (see program note 5 ) |
| Year 1 | one elective credit |
| Year 2 | GEOG 2P07 and 2P21 |
| Year 2 | one credit from GEOG 2P05 , 2P08 , 2P18 |
| Year 2 | one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)00 to 2(alpha)99 from Group A or D |
| Year 2 | one Social Sciences credit (see program note 6 ) |
| Year 2 | one elective credit |
| Year 3 | GEOG 3P21 or 3P22 |
| Year 3 | GEOG 3P57 |
| Year 3 | one and one-half GEOG credits numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from Group A |
| Year 3 | one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from Group B, C or D |
| Year 3 | one and one-half elective credits |
| Year 4 | GEOG 3P21 or 3P22 (not taken in year 3) |
| Year 4 | GEOG 4F99 |
| Year 4 | one and one-half GEOG credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from Group A |
| Year 4 | one-half GEOG credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from Group B, C or D |
| Year 4 | one and one-half elective credits |
Pathway 2
| Year 1 | One credit from GEOG 1P01 , 1P02 , 1P03 |
| Year 1 | one credit from GEOG 1P10 , 1P11 , 1P12 |
| Year 1 | one Humanities context credit |
| Year 1 | one Social Sciences context credit (see program note 5 ) |
| Year 1 | one elective credit |
| Spring/Summer Sessions: | One elective credit |
| Year 2 | GEOG 0N90 , 2P07 and 2P21 |
| Year 2 | one credit from GEOG 2P05 , 2P08 , 2P18 |
| Year 2 | one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)00 to 2(alpha)99 from Group A or D |
| Year 2 | one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from Group A |
| Year 2 | one Social Sciences credit (see program note 6 ) |
| Year 2 | one-half elective credit |
| Spring/Summer Sessions: | GEOG 0N01 and 2C01 |
| Year 3 Fall Term: | GEOG 3P21 or 3P22 |
| Year 3 Fall Term: | GEOG 3P57 |
| Year 3 Fall Term: | one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from Group A |
| Year 3 Fall Term: | one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from Group B, C or D |
| Winter Term: | GEOG 0N02 and 2C02 |
| Spring/Summer Sessions: | GEOG 0N03 and 2C03 |
| Year 4 | GEOG 3P21 or 3P22 (not taken in year 3) |
| Year 4 | one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)90 from Group A |
| Year 4 | two GEOG credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from Group A |
| Year 4 | one GEOG credit numbered 3(alpha)90 to or above from Group B, C or D |
| Year 4 | one elective credit |
| Spring/Summer Sessions: | one and one-half elective credits |
| Spring/Summer Sessions: | Bachelor of Science in Geography | |
| Year 1 | One credit from GEOG 1P01 , 1P02 , 1P03 |
| Year 1 | one credit from GEOG 1P10 , 1P11 , 1P12 |
| Year 1 | MATH 1P97 |
| Year 1 | one Humanities context credit |
| Year 1 | one Sciences context credit (see program note 7 ) |
| Year 1 | one-half elective credit |
| Year 2 | One GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)00 to 2(alpha)99 from Group A or D |
| Year 2 | one credit from GEOG 2P05 , 2P08 , 2P18 |
| Year 2 | GEOG 2P07 and 2P21 |
Pathway 3
| Year 1 | One credit from GEOG 1P01 , 1P02 , 1P03 |
| Year 1 | one credit from GEOG 1P10 , 1P11 , 1P12 |
| Year 1 | MATH 1P97 |
| Year 1 | one Humanities context credit |
| Year 1 | one Sciences context credit (see program note 7 ) |
| Year 1 | one-half elective credit |
| Spring/Summer Sessions: | One elective credit |
| Year 2 | GEOG 0N90 , 2P07 and 2P21 |
| Year 2 | one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)00 to 2(alpha)99 from Group A or D |
| Year 2 | one credit from GEOG 2P05 , 2P08 , 2P18 |
| Year 2 | one-half GEOG credit from 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from Group B |
| Year 2 | one Science credit (see program note 7 ) |
| Year 2 | one-half elective credit |
| Spring/Summer Sessions: | GEOG 0N01 and 2C01 |
| Year 3 Fall Term: | GEOG 3P21 or 3P22 |
| Year 3 Fall Term: | GEOG 3P56 |
| Year 3 Fall Term: | one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from Group B |
| Year 3 Fall Term: | one-half Science credit (see program note 8 ) |
| Winter Term: | GEOG 0N02 and 2C02 |
| Spring/Summer Sessions: | GEOG 0N03 and 2C03 |
| Year 4 | GEOG 3P21 or 3P22 (not taken in year 3) |
| Year 4 | one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from Group A, C, D |
| Year 4 | one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from Group B |
| Year 4 | one GEOG credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from Group A, C or D |
| Year 4 | two GEOG credits numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from Group B |
| Year 4 | one-half Science credit (see program note 8 ) |
| Spring/Summer Sessions: | One and one-half elective credits |
| Spring/Summer Sessions: | Concurrent BA/BEd and BSc/BEd | |
| Spring/Summer Sessions: | The Department of Geography and the Faculty of Education co-operate in offering two Concurrent BA (Honours)/BEd programs and two BSc (Honours)/BEd programs. The Geography BA (Honours)/BEd program combines the BA Honours program or BA Honours Integrated Studies program with the teacher education program for students interested in teaching at the Intermediate/Senior level (grades 7 - 12) and at the Junior/Intermediate level (grades 4 - 10). |
| Spring/Summer Sessions: | The Geography BSc (Honours)/BEd combines the BSc Honours program or BSc Integrated Studies program with the teacher education program for students interested in teaching at the Intermediate/Senior level (grades 7 - 12) and at the Junior/Intermediate level (grades 4 - 10). |
| Spring/Summer Sessions: | Refer to the Education - Concurrent BA (Honours), Education - Concurrent BA Integrated Studies (Honours)/BEd, Education - Concurrent BSc (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) or Education-Concurrent BSc Integrated Studies (Honours)/BEd (Junior/Intermediate) program listings for further information. | |
Pathway 4
| Year 1 | One credit from GEOG 1P01 , 1P02 , 1P03 |
| Year 2 | GEOG 2P07 and 2P21 |
| Year 2 | one GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)00 to 2(alpha)99 from Group A or D |
| Year 3 | GEOG 3P21 , 3P22 and 3P57 |
| Year 3 | one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from Group A, C or D |
| Year 4 | GEOG 4F99 |
| Year 4 | one GEOG credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from Group A, C, D |
| Year 1 | Two from GEOG 1P10 , 1P11 , 1P12 |
| Year 1 | MATH 1P97 |
| Year 2 | GEOG 2P07 and 2P21 |
| Year 2 | one credit from GEOG 2P05 , 2P08 , 2P18 |
| Year 3 | GEOG 3P21 , 3P22 and 3P56 |
| Year 3 | one-half GEOG credit numbered 2(alpha)90 to 3(alpha)89 from Group B |
| Year 4 | GEOG 4F99 |
| Year 4 | one GEOG credit numbered 3(alpha)90 or above from Group B |
Pathway 5
| Year 2 GEOG requirements in the BSc GEOG (single or combined), ERSC (single or combined), or BIOL (single or combined) programs or permission of instructor. Note: field work in October in the week following Thanksgiving Day. Students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year. Students are expected to pay their own expenses. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. | The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 3P57 . *GEOG 3P57 Human Geography and Tourism Studies Field Course (also offered as TOUR 3P57 ) Application of geographical principles and field techniques to problems in human geography and tourism studies. Restriction: permission of the Department. |
| Year 2 GEOG requirements in the BA GEOG (single or combined) programs or completion of Year 2 TOUR requirements in the BA Tourism Studies programs. Note: field work in October in the week following Thanksgiving Day. Students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year. Students are expected to pay their own expenses. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. | The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 3P56 . GEOG 3P60 Movement, Mobilities and Environment Mobility as an important resource for 21st-century life. Introduction to geography's mobility turn, focusing on mobility justice, mobility disasters, mobility capital, differential mobilities and the environmental implications of contemporary mobilities. |
| Year 2 GEOG requirements in the BA GEOG (single or combined) programs or completion of Year 2 TOUR requirements in the BA Tourism Studies programs. Note: field work in October in the week following Thanksgiving Day. Students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year. Students are expected to pay their own expenses. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. | Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week. Prerequisite(s): one of GEOG 1P01 , 1P02 , 1P03 , 1P10, 1P11, 1P12, (1F90), (1F91), TOUR (TMGT/TREN ) 1P91 , (1P92 , GEOG 2P13 or permission of the instructor. Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 3V60. |
| Year 2 GEOG requirements in the BA GEOG (single or combined) programs or completion of Year 2 TOUR requirements in the BA Tourism Studies programs. Note: field work in October in the week following Thanksgiving Day. Students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year. Students are expected to pay their own expenses. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. | *GEOG 3P61 Using the Canadian Census (also offered as CANA 3P61 and SOCI 3Q61 ) Historical and contemporary structure and its related surveys, surveys carried out by Statistics Canada such as the Labour Force Survey or Community Health Survey and applications in digital mapping and demographic analysis. Lectures, lab, 4 hours per week. Restriction: students must have a minimum of 8.0 overall credits or permission of the instructor. |
| Year 2 GEOG requirements in the BA GEOG (single or combined) programs or completion of Year 2 TOUR requirements in the BA Tourism Studies programs. Note: field work in October in the week following Thanksgiving Day. Students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year. Students are expected to pay their own expenses. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. | Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 3V61, CANA 3P61 and SOCI 3Q61 . GEOG 3P66 Critical Perspectives on Planning and Community Development Detailed exploration of contentious planning issues affecting urban and rural communities. |
| Year 2 GEOG requirements in the BA GEOG (single or combined) programs or completion of Year 2 TOUR requirements in the BA Tourism Studies programs. Note: field work in October in the week following Thanksgiving Day. Students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year. Students are expected to pay their own expenses. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. | Causes, impacts and proposed solutions for major planning problems, emphasizing concerns such as social and environmental justice, economic restructuring, inclusion and exclusion, and transportation disadvantage. Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week. Prerequisite(s): one of GEOG 2P03 , 2P06 , 2P66 or permission of the instructor. Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. |
| Year 2 GEOG requirements in the BA GEOG (single or combined) programs or completion of Year 2 TOUR requirements in the BA Tourism Studies programs. Note: field work in October in the week following Thanksgiving Day. Students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year. Students are expected to pay their own expenses. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. | GEOG 3P70 Geographies of Social Exclusion and Social Change Detailed theoretical and conceptual explorations of how social relations, identities and inequalities are produced and reproduced in and through various material, digital and imagined spaces. Topics include gendered, racial and sexualized inequalities, homelessness, social security and poverty, dis/abilities, colonial present, health geographies, geographies of care, militarized violence, and citizenship. Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week. |
| Year 2 GEOG requirements in the BA GEOG (single or combined) programs or completion of Year 2 TOUR requirements in the BA Tourism Studies programs. Note: field work in October in the week following Thanksgiving Day. Students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year. Students are expected to pay their own expenses. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. | Prerequisite(s): GEOG 2P01 or permission of the instructor. Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. GEOG 3P80 Geography and International Development Analysis of international development theory, policy and practice. Development's relation to globalization, imperialism and neo-colonialism. Development solutions to environmental problems. Selected case studies from the developing world. |
| Year 2 GEOG requirements in the BA GEOG (single or combined) programs or completion of Year 2 TOUR requirements in the BA Tourism Studies programs. Note: field work in October in the week following Thanksgiving Day. Students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year. Students are expected to pay their own expenses. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. | Lectures, seminar, 4 hours per week. Prerequisite(s): GEOG 2P01 , 2P13 or permission of the instructor. Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in INTC 3P80. |
| Year 2 GEOG requirements in the BA GEOG (single or combined) programs or completion of Year 2 TOUR requirements in the BA Tourism Studies programs. Note: field work in October in the week following Thanksgiving Day. Students must register with the Department by April of the preceding academic year. Students are expected to pay their own expenses. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. | *GEOG 3P83 Geography of Water Resources (also offered as ERSC 3P83 and TOUR 3P83 ) Physical and human factors affecting patterns of use and development of water resources. Emphasis on patterns of supply and demand, approaches to development and management of the resource, problems and alternative strategies. Lectures, lab, 4 hours per week. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | *GEOG 4F99 Honours Internship (also offered as TOUR 4F99 ) Internship on a specific geographic or tourism problem or task under either the direction of a faculty member, or in a government or private agency working under the supervision of that agency. Internship, 8 hours per week for 15 weeks; seminar, 3 hours per week for 9 weeks. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), TMGT and TREN majors with approval to year 4 (honours) and permission of the Department Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. *GEOG 4P07 Advanced Remote Sensing (also offered as ERSC 4P07 ) Theory and practice of in situ, airborne and spaceborne remote sensing. Emphasis on techniques used to study natural and human-made environments. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Topics include data acquisition and preprocessing, image analysis, accuracy assessment and the production of information products. Image processing and analyses using commercially available image-analysis software. Lab, 3 hours per week. Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and ERSC (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours). |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Prerequisite(s): GEOG 3P07 or permission of the instructor. Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | GEOG 4P12 Research Topics in Applied Climatology Climatic hazards, their causes, impacts, mitigation and adaptation strategies, vulnerability issues, field work, data collection and analysis, methodological approaches and applications to several fields of human activities, environmental impact assessment. Seminar, lab, 3 hours per week. Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Students must have approval to year 4 (honours). Prerequisite(s): GEOG (2P04) or 2P08; GEOG 3P12 or 3P13 or permission of the instructor. Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. *GEOG 4P26 Stream Form and Function (also offered as BIOL 4P26 and ERSC 4P26 ) Exploration of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of stream systems. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Seminar, lab, field work, 3 hours per week. Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior), BIOL (single or combined), BIOL (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and ERSC (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours). |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Prerequisite(s): two BIOL credits numbered 2(alpha)00 to 3(alpha)99, or two ERSC credits numbered 2(alpha)00 to 3(alpha)99, or two GEOG credits numbered 2(alpha)00 to 3(alpha)99 from Group B, or permission of the instructor. Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Additional fees may be incurred for this course. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | #GEOG 4P28 Advanced Glacial Sedimentology (also offered as ERSC 4P28 ) Sedimentology of present day glacial environments and of Quaternary sediments. Thermo-mechanical principles of glacier physics as applied to past and present glacier ice conditions. Glacial lithofacies associations. Glacio-tectonics and diagenesis. Principles of glacial erosion, entrainment and deposition. Lectures, lab, local field trip, 3 hours per week. Prerequisite(s): GEOG 3P24 or 3P26. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. #GEOG 4P32 Sustainable Rural Tourism (also offered as TOUR 4P32 ) Socio-economic challenges of rural communities in developed and developing nations. Critical evaluation of rural tourism as an alternative community development tool. Lectures, 3 hours per week. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Prerequisite(s): two GEOG (credits numbered 2(alpha)00 to 3(alpha)99), or two TOUR (TMGT/TREN ) (credits numbered 2(alpha)00 to 3(alpha)99) or permission of the instructor. Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in GEOG 4P63 and TMGT (TREN ) 4P17. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | GEOG 4P50 Critical Analysis of Urban and Economic Geographies Advanced study of the urban and economic geographies of 21st-century cities and their hinterlands, with special research projects in the Niagara Region. Possible topics include innovation, cultural economy, political economy, public policy and public space, brain-drain, population aging, deindustrialization, seasonal economies, high-tech manufacturing, retirement communities, youth poverty and long-term unemployment. Seminar, 3 hours per week. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours). Prerequisite(s): GEOG 3P45 , 3P66 or permission of the instructor. Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | GEOG 4P66 Advanced Topics in Planning and Community Development Application of planning skills to selected local and regional growth and development problems under the overarching theme of sustainable development. Seminar, 3 hours per week. Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours). Prerequisite(s): GEOG 3P45 , 3P66 or permission of the instructor. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Note: individual and group field-based projects, along with field trips, are integral components. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. GEOG 4P70 Geographies of Everyday Life How geographical processes across scales shape local spaces and everyday geographies. Emphasis on individual and small group experiential learning, doing, and reflection. Themes will vary by instructor. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Seminar, 3 hours per week. Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined) and GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours) or a minimum of 14.0 overall credits and a minimum 70 percent major average. Prerequisite(s): one GEOG credits numbered 2(alpha)00 to 3(alpha)99 Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. *GEOG 4P80 Dendrochronology (also offered as BIOL 4P80 and ERSC 4P80 ) Fundamental principles of tree-ring analysis and applications to address contemporary issues in the fields of climate and environmental change, geomorphology, archaeology and ecology. Lectures, local field trip, 3 hours per week. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior), BIOL (single or combined), BIOL Honours/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) and ERSC (single or combined) majors until date specified in Registration guide. Students must have approval to year 4 (honours). |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Prerequisite(s): two BIOL credits numbered 2(alpha)00 to 3(alpha)99, or two ERSC credits numbered 2(alpha)00 to 3(alpha)99, or two GEOG credits numbered 2(alpha)00 to 3(alpha)99 from Group B, or permission of the instructor. Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | *GEOG 4P83 Research Themes in Water Resources (also offered as TOUR 4P83 ) Major debates and conflicts over water resources and their distribution. Emphasis on patterns of supply and demand, approaches to development and management of the resource, problems, and alternative strategies. Seminar, 3 hours per week. Restriction: open to GEOG (single or combined), GEOG (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior), TMGT and TREN majors until date specified in Registration guide. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Students must have approval to year 4 (honours). Prerequisite(s): GEOG 3P83 or permission of the instructor. Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. *GEOG 4P85 Ecosystems and Changing Disturbance Regimes (also offered as BIOL 4P85 and ERSC 4P85 ) Terrestrial ecosystem response to large-scale environmental change. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Topics may include disturbance regimes, adaptation, alteration of biogeochemical cycles, invasive species and range shifts, carbon cycle feedbacks, predicting future climate and vegetation impacts, change detection, scaling-up and nonlinearity. Lectures, seminar, 3 hours per week. Prerequisite(s): GEOG 3P85 or permission of the instructor. Note: this course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | #GEOG 4P92 Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems: practicum (also offered as ERSC 4P92) Introduction to the use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) for data acquisition. Aviation safety, risk management, mission planning and execution. A culminating exercise involves UAS flight operation, map production and data analysis. Lectures, 2 hours per week; lab, 3 hours per week Prerequisite(s): GEOG 3P92 Note: possession of valid Transport Canada Pilot Certificate - Basic or Advanced Operations. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | A field activity and RPAS user fee will be assessed. Overnight off campus travel may be required. An orientation session will be held prior to registration. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. GEOG 4P95 Directed Readings I Topic not covered in the Department's regular course offerings. Restriction: permission of the Department. |
| Year 3. Regulations governing the thesis may be obtained from the Administrative Co-ordinator. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. Completion of this course will replace previous assigned grade and credit obtained in TMGT (TREN ) 4F90. | Note: topics must be chosen in consultation with a faculty member willing to supervise the tutorial. This course may be offered in multiple modes of delivery. The method of delivery will be listed on the academic timetable, in the applicable term. GEOG 4P96 Directed Readings II Topic not covered in the Department's regular course offerings. Restriction: permission of the Department. Note: topics must be chosen in consultation with a faculty member willing to supervise the tutorial. |
Courses
These courses were identified on the program source page. Their presence does not mean they are all required in every pathway.
Sources and references
Reference year : 2024-25
Dates and sources are retained to help you verify the information. Translations are provided to facilitate reading; the official source governs conditions and requirements.
Source reference : https://brocku.ca/webcal/2024/undergrad/geog.html