Physics

Program Requirements Course Categories for Physics The program descriptions below make use of the following course categories, which are defined in the B.Sc. Regulations section. Approved Courses Outside the Faculties of Science and Engineering and Design Free Elective Physics (Astrophysics Stream) B.Sc. Honours (20.0 credits) A. Credits Included in the Major CGPA (11.0 credits) 1. 1.0 credit from: 1.0 PHYS 1001 [0.5] & PHYS 1002 [0.5] Foundations of Physics I Foundations of Physics II PHYS 1003 [0.5] & PHYS 1004 [0.5] Introductory Mechanics and Thermodynamics Introductory Electromagnetism and Wave Motion PHYS 1007 [0.5] & PHYS 1008 [0.5] Elementary University Physics I Elementary University Physics II (with an average grade of B- or higher) 2. 3.0 credits in: 3.0 PHYS 2007 [0.5] Second Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars PHYS 2203 [0.5] Astronomy PHYS 2212 [0.5] Wave Mechanics and Thermodynamics PHYS 2305 [0.5] Electricity and Magnetism PHYS 2605 [0.5] Modern Physics I PHYS 2801 [0.5] Computational Methods in Physics 3. 5.0 credits in: 5.0 PHYS 3009 [0.5] Third Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars with Observational Astronomy PHYS 3308 [0.5] Electromagnetism PHYS 3606 [0.5] Modern Physics II PHYS 3701 [0.5] Elements of Quantum Mechanics PHYS 3802 [0.5] Advanced Dynamics PHYS 3807 [0.5] Mathematical Physics I PHYS 4201 [0.5] Astrophysics PHYS 4202 [0.5] Cosmology PHYS 4409 [0.5] Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics PHYS 4707 [0.5] Introduction to Quantum Mechanics I 4. 1.0 credit from: 1.0 a. PHYS 4907 plus 0.5 credit 4000-level PHYS b. PHYS 4908 plus 0.5 credit 4000-level PHYS c. PHYS 4909 [1.0] 5. 0.5 credit in PHYS at the 4000-level or above 0.5 6. 0.5 credit in PHYS, COMP, MATH and/or STAT at the 3000-level or above 0.5 B. Credits Not Included In the Major CGPA (9.0 credits) 7. 1.0 credit from: 1.0 BIOL 1103 [0.5] & BIOL 1104 [0.5] Foundations of Biology I Foundations of Biology II CHEM 1001 [0.5] & CHEM 1002 [0.5] General Chemistry I General Chemistry II ERTH 1002 [0.5] & ERTH 2312 [0.5] The Earth and Life Odyssey: A Journey Through Billions of Years Paleontology 8. 3.5 credits in: 3.5 MATH 1004 [0.5] Calculus for Engineering or Physics MATH 1005 [0.5] Differential Equations and Infinite Series for Engineering or Physics MATH 1104 [0.5] Linear Algebra for Engineering or Science MATH 2004 [0.5] Multivariable Calculus for Engineering or Physics MATH 2107 [0.5] Linear Algebra II MATH 3705 [0.5] Mathematical Methods I STAT 3502 [0.5] Probability and Statistics 9. 0.5 credit in: 0.5 MATH 3800 [0.5] Mathematical Modeling and Computational Methods 10. 1.0 credit in: 1.0 COMP 1005 [0.5] Introduction to Computer Science I COMP 1006 [0.5] Introduction to Computer Science II 11. 0.5 credit in: 0.5 ISAP 1000 [0.5] Seminar in Science Approved courses outside the faculties of Science and Engineering and Design 12. 1.5 credits in approved courses outside the faculties of Science and Engineering and Design 1.5 13. 1.0 credit in free electives 1.0 Total Credits 20.0 Physics (Experimental Physics Stream) B.Sc. Honours (20.0 credits) A. Credits Included in the Major CGPA (11.5 credits) 1. 1.0 credit from: 1.0 PHYS 1001 [0.5] & PHYS 1002 [0.5] Foundations of Physics I Foundations of Physics II (recommended) PHYS 1003 [0.5] & PHYS 1004 [0.5] Introductory Mechanics and Thermodynamics Introductory Electromagnetism and Wave Motion PHYS 1007 [0.5] & PHYS 1008 [0.5] Elementary University Physics I Elementary University Physics II (with an average grade of B- or higher) 2. 2.5 credits in: 2.5 PHYS 2007 [0.5] Second Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars PHYS 2212 [0.5] Wave Mechanics and Thermodynamics PHYS 2305 [0.5] Electricity and Magnetism PHYS 2605 [0.5] Modern Physics I PHYS 2801 [0.5] Computational Methods in Physics 3. 1.0 credit in: 1.0 ELEC 2501 [0.5] Circuits and Signals ELEC 2507 [0.5] Electronics I 4. 4.5 credits in: 4.5 PHYS 3007 [0.5] Third Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars PHYS 3308 [0.5] Electromagnetism PHYS 3606 [0.5] Modern Physics II PHYS 3701 [0.5] Elements of Quantum Mechanics PHYS 3802 [0.5] Advanced Dynamics PHYS 3807 [0.5] Mathematical Physics I PHYS 4008 [0.5] Fourth-Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Workshop PHYS 4409 [0.5] Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics PHYS 4707 [0.5] Introduction to Quantum Mechanics I 5. 1.0 credit from: 1.0 a. PHYS 4907 [0.5] plus 0.5 credit 4000-level PHYS b. PHYS 4908 [0.5] plus 0.5 credit 4000-level PHYS c. PHYS 4909 [1.0] 6. 1.0 credit in 4000-level or above PHYS ( PHYS 4807 is recommended for 0.5 credit) 1.0 7. 0.5 credit in 3000-level or above PHYS, COMP, ELEC, MATH and/or STAT 0.5 B. Credits Not Included In the Major CGPA (8.5 credits) 8. 1.0 credit from: 1.0 BIOL 1103 [0.5] & BIOL 1104 [0.5] Foundations of Biology I Foundations of Biology II CHEM 1001 [0.5] & CHEM 1002 [0.5] General Chemistry I General Chemistry II ERTH 1002 [0.5] & ERTH 2312 [0.5] The Earth and Life Odyssey: A Journey Through Billions of Years Paleontology 9. 3.0 credits in: 3.0 MATH 1004 [0.5] Calculus for Engineering or Physics MATH 1005 [0.5] Differential Equations and Infinite Series for Engineering or Physics MATH 1104 [0.5] Linear Algebra for Engineering or Science MATH 2004 [0.5] Multivariable Calculus for Engineering or Physics MATH 3705 [0.5] Mathematical Methods I STAT 3502 [0.5] Probability and Statistics 10. 0.5 credit in: 0.5 MATH 3800 [0.5] Mathematical Modeling and Computational Methods 11. 1.0 credit in: 1.0 COMP 1005 [0.5] Introduction to Computer Science I COMP 1006 [0.5] Introduction to Computer Science II 12. 0.5 credit from: 0.5 ISAP 1000 [0.5] Seminar in Science Approved courses outside the faculties of Science and Engineering and Design 13. 1.5 credits in approved courses outside the faculties of Science and Engineering and Design 1.5 14. 1.0 credit in free electives 1.0 Total Credits 20.0 Physics (Theory Stream) B.Sc. Honours (20.0 credits) A. Credits Included in the Major CGPA (11.0 credits) 1. 1.0 credit from: 1.0 PHYS 1001 [0.5] & PHYS 1002 [0.5] Foundations of Physics I Foundations of Physics II (recommended) PHYS 1003 [0.5] & PHYS 1004 [0.5] Introductory Mechanics and Thermodynamics Introductory Electromagnetism and Wave Motion PHYS 1007 [0.5] & PHYS 1008 [0.5] Elementary University Physics I Elementary University Physics II (with an average grade of B- or higher) 2. 2.5 credits in: 2.5 PHYS 2007 [0.5] Second Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars PHYS 2212 [0.5] Wave Mechanics and Thermodynamics PHYS 2305 [0.5] Electricity and Magnetism PHYS 2605 [0.5] Modern Physics I PHYS 2801 [0.5] Computational Methods in Physics 3. 4.5 credits in: 4.5 PHYS 3007 [0.5] Third Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars PHYS 3308 [0.5] Electromagnetism PHYS 3606 [0.5] Modern Physics II PHYS 3701 [0.5] Elements of Quantum Mechanics PHYS 3802 [0.5] Advanced Dynamics PHYS 3807 [0.5] Mathematical Physics I PHYS 4409 [0.5] Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics PHYS 4707 [0.5] Introduction to Quantum Mechanics I PHYS 4708 [0.5] Introduction to Quantum Mechanics II 4. 1.0 credit from: 1.0 a. PHYS 4907 plus 0.5 credit 4000-level PHYS b. PHYS 4908 plus 0.5 credit 4000-level PHYS c. PHYS 4909 [1.0] 5. 1.0 credit in PHYS at the 4000-level or above 1.0 6. 1.0 credit in PHYS, COMP, MATH and/or STAT at the 3000-level or above 1.0 B. Credits Not Included In the Major CGPA (9.0 credits) 7. 1.0 credit from: 1.0 BIOL 1103 [0.5] & BIOL 1104 [0.5] Foundations of Biology I Foundations of Biology II CHEM 1001 [0.5] & CHEM 1002 [0.5] General Chemistry I General Chemistry II ERTH 1002 [0.5] & ERTH 2312 [0.5] The Earth and Life Odyssey: A Journey Through Billions of Years Paleontology 8. 3.5 credits in: 3.5 MATH 1004 [0.5] Calculus for Engineering or Physics MATH 1005 [0.5] Differential Equations and Infinite Series for Engineering or Physics MATH 1104 [0.5] Linear Algebra for Engineering or Science MATH 2004 [0.5] Multivariable Calculus for Engineering or Physics MATH 2107 [0.5] Linear Algebra II MATH 3705 [0.5] Mathematical Methods I STAT 3502 [0.5] Probability and Statistics 9. 0.5 credit in: 0.5 MATH 3800 [0.5] Mathematical Modeling and Computational Methods 10. 1.0 credit in: 1.0 COMP 1005 [0.5] Introduction to Computer Science I COMP 1006 [0.5] Introduction to Computer Science II 11. 0.5 credit in: 0.5 ISAP 1000 [0.5] Seminar in Science or approved courses outside the faculties of Science and Engineering and Design 12. 1.5 credits in approved courses outside the faculties of Science and Engineering and Design 1.5 13. 1.0 credit in free electives 1.0 Total Credits 20.0 Physics B.Sc. Major (20.0 credits) A. Credits Included in the Major CGPA (9.0 credits) 1. 1.0 credit from: 1.0 PHYS 1001 [0.5] & PHYS 1002 [0.5] Foundations of Physics I Foundations of Physics II (recommended) PHYS 1003 [0.5] & PHYS 1004 [0.5] Introductory Mechanics and Thermodynamics Introductory Electromagnetism and Wave Motion PHYS 1007 [0.5] & PHYS 1008 [0.5] Elementary University Physics I Elementary University Physics II (with an average grade of B- or higher) 2. 2.5 credits in: 2.5 PHYS 2007 [0.5] Second Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars PHYS 2212 [0.5] Wave Mechanics and Thermodynamics PHYS 2305 [0.5] Electricity and Magnetism PHYS 2605 [0.5] Modern Physics I PHYS 2801 [0.5] Computational Methods in Physics 3. 0.5 credit in approved computer science, engineering, mathematics or statistics electives at the 2000-level or higher which may include 1000-level computer science 0.5 4. 2.0 credits in: 2.0 PHYS 3007 [0.5] Third Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars PHYS 3308 [0.5] Electromagnetism PHYS 3606 [0.5] Modern Physics II or PHYS 3608 [0.5] Modern Applied Physics PHYS 3701 [0.5] Elements of Quantum Mechanics 5. 1.0 credit in PHYS at the 4000-level 1.0 6. 1.5 credit in PHYS at the 3000-level or above 1.5 7. 0.5 credit in ELEC and/or science faculty electives (excluding TSES) at the 3000-level or above 0.5 B. Credits Not Included In the Major CGPA (11.0 credits) 8. 1.0 credit from: 1.0 BIOL 1103 [0.5] & BIOL 1104 [0.5] Foundations of Biology I Foundations of Biology II CHEM 1001 [0.5] & CHEM 1002 [0.5] General Chemistry I General Chemistry II ERTH 1002 [0.5] & ERTH 2312 [0.5] The Earth and Life Odyssey: A Journey Through Billions of Years Paleontology 9. 3.0 credits in: 3.0 MATH 1004 [0.5] Calculus for Engineering or Physics MATH 1005 [0.5] Differential Equations and Infinite Series for Engineering or Physics MATH 1104 [0.5] Linear Algebra for Engineering or Science MATH 2004 [0.5] Multivariable Calculus for Engineering or Physics MATH 3705 [0.5] Mathematical Methods I STAT 2507 [0.5] Introduction to Statistical Modeling I or STAT 3502 [0.5] Probability and Statistics 10. 0.5 credit in: 0.5 COMP 1005 [0.5] Introduction to Computer Science I 11. 3.5 credits in Advanced Science Faculty Electives and/or approved courses outside the Faculties of Science and Engineering selected in consultation with the Department to complement the study of physics; these credits may be used with an additional 0.5 credit to complete the requirements of a minor designation 3.5 12. 0.5 credit from: 0.5 ISAP 1000 [0.5] Seminar in Science Approved courses outside the faculties of Science and Engineering and Design 13. 1.5 credits in approved courses outside the faculties of Science and Engineering and Design 1.5 14. 1.0 credit in free electives 1.0 Total Credits 20.0 Physics B.Sc. (15.0 credits)

Physics (PHYS) Courses PHYS 1001 [0.5 credit] Foundations of Physics I This calculus-based course on classical mechanics covers kinematics, dynamics, gravitation, and oscillatory motion. This is a specialist course for students intending to take further courses in physics. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for BIT 1002 , BIT 1203 , PHYS 1003 , PHYS 1007 , PHYS 1107 . Prerequisite(s): Grade 12 Mathematics: Advanced Functions and Grade 12 Mathematics: Calculus and Vectors or equivalent, plus one of MATH 1004 or MATH 1052 (the MATH course may be taken concurrently); or permission of the Physics Department. Grade 12 Physics is strongly recommended. Lectures three hours a week, laboratory or tutorial three hours a week. PHYS 1002 [0.5 credit] Foundations of Physics II An introduction to electricity, magnetism, electromagnetic fields, and wave motion. This is a specialist course for students intending to take further courses in physics. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for BIT 1003 (no longer offered), BIT 1007 , BIT 1204 , PHYS 1004 , PHYS 1008 , PHYS 1108 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1001 , or PHYS 1003 , or PHYS 1007 with a grade of B- ; MATH 1004 or MATH 2052 (may be taken concurrently); or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week, laboratory or tutorial three hours a week. PHYS 1003 [0.5 credit] Introductory Mechanics and Thermodynamics Mechanics, gravitation, oscillations, and thermodynamics. The application of calculus to solve problems in these areas of physics is introduced. This course is intended for students in the physical sciences and engineering. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for BIT 1002 , BIT 1203 , PHYS 1001 , PHYS 1007 , PHYS 1107 . Prerequisite(s): Grade 12 Physics or equivalent, plus Grade 12 Mathematics: Advanced Functions or equivalent, plus one of MATH 1004 or MATH 1052 (the MATH course may be taken concurrently). Note that Grade 12 Mathematics: Calculus and Vectors is strongly recommended. Lectures three hours a week, laboratory or tutorial three hours a week. PHYS 1004 [0.5 credit] Introductory Electromagnetism and Wave Motion This calculus-based course introduces potential energy, work, electricity, magnetism, oscillations and waves. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for BIT 1003 (no longer offered), BIT 1007 , BIT 1204 , PHYS 1002 , PHYS 1008 , PHYS 1108 . Prerequisite(s): MATH 1004 , ( ECOR 1033 and ECOR 1034 )(the ECOR courses may be taken concurrently) or PHYS 1001 or PHYS 1003 or PHYS 1007 (a grade of at least B- is required for PHYS 1007 ), or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week, laboratory or tutorial three hours a week. PHYS 1007 [0.5 credit] Elementary University Physics I Mechanics, properties of matter, thermodynamics. Applications chosen in part from the life sciences. For students who lack the prerequisites for PHYS 1001 or PHYS 1003 , or who do not intend to take upper-year courses in physics. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for BIT 1002 , BIT 1203 , PHYS 1001 , PHYS 1003 , PHYS 1107 . Prerequisite(s): (i) Grade 12 Mathematics: Advanced Functions or equivalent, or MATH 0107 (may be taken concurrently); or (ii) Grade 12 Mathematics: Calculus and Vectors or equivalent, or MATH 1007 (may be taken concurrently; or (iii) permission of the Physics Department. Lectures three hours a week, laboratory or tutorial three hours per week. PHYS 1008 [0.5 credit] Elementary University Physics II Electricity and magnetism, DC and AC circuits, wave motion and light. Elements of modern physics. Applications chosen in part from the life sciences. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for BIT 1003 (no longer offered), BIT 1007 , BIT 1204 , PHYS 1002 , PHYS 1004 , PHYS 1108 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1001 or PHYS 1003 or PHYS 1007 . Lectures three hours a week, laboratory or tutorial three hours per week. PHYS 1107 [0.5 credit] Introductory University Physics I Mechanics, properties of matter, thermodynamics. Applications chosen in part from the life sciences. For students who lack the prerequisites for PHYS 1001 or PHYS 1003 , or who do not intend to take upper-year courses in physics. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for BIT 1002 , BIT 1203 , PHYS 1001 , PHYS 1003 , PHYS 1007 . Prerequisite(s): (i) Grade 12 Mathematics: Advanced Functions or equivalent, or MATH 0107 (may be taken concurrently); or (ii) Grade 12 Mathematics: Calculus and Vectors or equivalent, or MATH 1007 (may be taken concurrently; or (iii) permission of the Physics Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 1108 [0.5 credit] Introductory University Physics II Electricity and magnetism, DC and AC circuits, wave motion and light. Elements of modern physics. Applications chosen in part from the life sciences. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for BIT 1003 (no longer offered), BIT 1007 , BIT 1204 , PHYS 1002 , PHYS 1004 , PHYS 1008 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1001 or PHYS 1003 or PHYS 1007 or PHYS 1107 . Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 1901 [0.5 credit] Planetary Astronomy Description of the known stellar, galactic and extra-galactic systems together with the instruments used to study them. Modern ideas concerning the structure, origin and evolution of our own planet. Formation of the Moon - Earth system. Study of the planets in our solar system. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 2203 . Lectures two and one-half hours a week. PHYS 1902 [0.5 credit] From our Star to the Cosmos Starting with the Sun, the course studies its composition and source of power, then compares our Sun with the other stars in the galaxy and beyond. Modern ideas concerning the structure, origin and evolution of the universe, pulsars and supernovae are examined. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 2203 . Lectures two and one-half hours a week. PHYS 1905 [0.5 credit] Physics Behind Everyday Life Examination of the physics behind everyday life. Topics may include transportation, sports, weather and climate, electricity, and sustainable energy. No science background is required. Online Course. PHYS 2004 [0.5 credit] Modern Physics for Engineers Introduction to aspects of modern physics relevant to engineering. Thermal radiation. Concepts of relativistic kinematics. Wave-particle duality. Photoelectric effect, Compton scattering. Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom. Optical and x-ray spectra, lasers. Nuclear physics and applications. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 2604 and PHYS 2605 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1002 or PHYS 1004 or PHYS 1008 with a grade of B- or better, plus MATH 1004 and MATH 1104 or equivalent. Restricted to B.Eng. students not in the Engineering Physics program. Students in programs other than B.Eng. must obtain permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 2007 [0.5 credit] Second Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars Students complete a number of experiments selected from classical physics and geometric optics, modern physics, etc. Seminars on relevant experimental topics will be included. Includes: Experiential Learning Activity. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 2202 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1002 , or PHYS 1004 ( PHYS 1008 is also acceptable provided a minimum average grade of B- is presented). Laboratory, six hours a week. PHYS 2101 [0.5 credit] Mechanics and Properties of Matter Equations of motion for a single particle. Harmonic oscillation. Noninertial reference frames. Orbits in a central force field. Motion of systems of particles and of rigid bodies. Introduction to special relativity. Laboratory experiments in classical mechanics and properties of matter. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1001 and PHYS 1002 , or PHYS 1003 and PHYS 1004 , alternatively PHYS 1007 and PHYS 1008 with an overall average of B- or better or MATH 1004 and MATH 1104 . Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week, tutorials (optional) once a week. PHYS 2202 [0.5 credit] Wave Motion and Optics Geometrical optics. Types of waves, vibrating string and the classical wave equation. General solutions for traveling waves. Superposition and interference, coherence, wave packets, waves in 2 and 3 dimensions. Propagation of electromagnetic waves. Light and physical optics, oscillator model for dispersion, diffraction, polarization, and refraction. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 2212 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1001 and PHYS 1002 , or PHYS 1003 and PHYS 1004 ( PHYS 1007 and PHYS 1008 are also acceptable provided a minimum average grade of B- is presented); plus MATH 1104 or MATH 2152 , and MATH 2004 or MATH 2001 and MATH 2002 ( MATH 2002 may be taken concurrently). Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week. PHYS 2203 [0.5 credit] Astronomy The observational basis of astronomy. The history of astronomy, properties of light, solar system observations and stellar astronomy. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 1901 and PHYS 1902 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1002 or PHYS 1004 or permission of the department. PHYS 1008 with a grade of B- or better may also be used if MATH 1004 or MATH 1007 or MATH 2052 have been successfully completed. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 2212 [0.5 credit] Wave Mechanics and Thermodynamics Types of waves and the classical wave equation, wave functions in 2 and 3 dimensions, reflection and refraction, superposition of waves, polarization, interference, diffraction, coherence, wave packets. Temperature and thermodynamic equilibrium, heat, work and first law of thermodynamics, entropy and second law of thermodynamics. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 2202 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1001 and PHYS 1002 , or PHYS 1003 and PHYS 1004 ( PHYS 1007 and PHYS 1008 are also acceptable provided a minimum average grade of B- is presented); plus MATH 1004 and MATH 1104 or MATH 2152 , and MATH 2004 or MATH 2001 ( MATH 2001 or MATH 2004 may be taken concurrently). Lectures three hours a week PHYS 2305 [0.5 credit] Electricity and Magnetism Electrostatic field and potential, Gauss’ law. Properties of conductors. Magnetic effects from currents. Motion of charges in electric and magnetic fields. Energy in electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic induction. Maxwell’s equations in vacuum using vector differential and integral calculus. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1001 , PHYS 1002 , or PHYS 1003 and PHYS 1004 , alternatively PHYS 1007 and PHYS 1008 with an overall grade of B- or higher; MATH 2004 , or MATH 2001 and MATH 2002 ( MATH 2002 may be taken concurrently). Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 2306 [0.5 credit] Physics of Electrical and Electronic Measurements I D.C. and A.C. circuit theory. Resonant circuits. Basic measuring devices, the oscilloscope; impedances, bandwidth, noise; vacuum tubes, transistors, useful approximations for circuit design; feedback, amplifiers, oscillators; operational circuits; digital circuits. Lectures emphasize the physical basis of instrument design. Laboratory emphasizes modern digital instrumentation. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1001 , PHYS 1002 or PHYS 1003 and PHYS 1004 , alternatively PHYS 1007 and PHYS 1008 with an overall grade of B- or better. Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week. PHYS 2401 [0.5 credit] Thermal Physics Introduction to thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. Temperature and thermodynamic equilibrium. Work, internal energy and heat; first law. Kinetic theory of gases. Basic probability theory. Microscopic states and entropy. Absolute temperature, reversibility and the second law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic processes and applications. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1001 and PHYS 1002 , or PHYS 1003 and PHYS 1004 , ( PHYS 1007 and PHYS 1008 are also acceptable provided a minimum average grade of B- ) ; plus MATH 1004 and MATH 1104 or MATH 2052 and MATH 2152 . Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 2604 [0.5 credit] Modern Physics I The course is designed to provide a logical transition from classical to modern physics. Special relativity. Rutherford scattering, atomic models. Thermal radiation. Photoelectric effect, Compton scattering. Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom. Atomic energy states, optical spectra, lasers. X-rays. Radioactivity. Quantum Mechanics. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 2004 and PHYS 2605 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1001 and PHYS 1002 , or PHYS 1003 and PHYS 1004 ( PHYS 1007 and PHYS 1008 are also acceptable provided a minimum average grade of B- is presented); plus MATH 1004 and MATH 1104 , or MATH 2052 and MATH 2152 . Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week. PHYS 2605 [0.5 credit] Modern Physics I The course is designed to provide a logical transition from classical to modern physics. Special relativity. Rutherford scattering, atomic models. Thermal radiation. Photoelectric effect, Compton scattering. Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom. Atomic energy states, optical spectra, lasers. X-rays. Radioactivity. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 2004 and PHYS 2604 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1001 and PHYS 1002 , or PHYS 1003 and PHYS 1004 ( PHYS 1007 and PHYS 1008 are also acceptable provided a minimum average grade of B- is presented); plus MATH 1004 and MATH 1104 , or MATH 2052 and MATH 2152 . Lecture 3 hours per week. PHYS 2801 [0.5 credit] Computational Methods in Physics Introduction to computational methods in physics. Software platforms and programming languages. Data formats and structures, histograms, and data visualization. Probability distributions, fitting/parameter estimation, function minimization. Interpretation and treatment of uncertainties. Introduction to machine learning and classification. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 1001 or PHYS 1003 or PHYS 1007 , and COMP 1005 . Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 2903 [0.5 credit] Physics Towards the Future From classical phenomena to aspects of modern physics and recent advances. Topics may include light and colour, music and sound, cell phones, the galaxy and beyond. No science background is required. Prerequisite(s): second-year standing. Online course. PHYS 3007 [0.5 credit] Third Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars Students complete a small number of experiments selected from modern optics, holography, atomic physics, nuclear spectroscopy, radiation, etc. An exercise on literature searches and student seminars on experimental and numerical methods are included. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 3008 , PHYS 3009 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2007 or ( PHYS 2202 and PHYS 2604 ) or permission of the Department. Laboratory, six hours a week. PHYS 3008 [0.5 credit] Third Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Workshop Students complete a small number of experiments selected from modern optics, holography, atomic physics, nuclear spectroscopy, radiation, etc. Instruction on instrumentation building techniques will be given. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 3007 , PHYS 3009 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2007 or ( PHYS 2202 and PHYS 2604 ) or permission of the department. Laboratory, six hours a week. PHYS 3009 [0.5 credit] Third Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars with Observational Astronomy Students complete a small number of experiments selected from astronomy, astrophysics, modern optics, holography, atomic physics, nuclear spectroscopy, radiation, etc. At least one astronomy/astrophysics related experiment is required. An exercise on literature searches and student seminars on experimental and numerical methods are included. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 3007 , PHYS 3008 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2007 or ( PHYS 2202 and PHYS 2604 ), and PHYS 2203 , or permission of the Department. Laboratory, six hours a week. PHYS 3207 [0.5 credit] Topics in Biophysics Introduction to biophysics. Random motion of molecules and diffusion; viscosity and the circulatory system; laws of thermodynamics and physical forces responsible for chemical reactions, molecular self-assembly and recognition; enzyme kinetics and molecular machines; nerve impulse and its propagation. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2212 or PHYS 2604 , or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week, tutorial or seminar one hour a week. PHYS 3308 [0.5 credit] Electromagnetism Electrostatics feld and magnetostatics in the presence of matter. Solving Laplace's and Poisson's equations. Multipole expansions. Vector potential. Faraday's laws of induction; Maxwell's equations in matter. Waves in vacuum and dielectric media, guided waves. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for ELEC 3909 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2305 and MATH 3705 , or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 3402 [0.5 credit] Heat and Thermodynamics Zeroth, First, Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics; enthalpy, Helmholtz and Gibbs functions and the Maxwell relations; phase transitions; thermodynamics of magnetism; cryogenics cooling by Joule-Thompson effect, adiabatic expansion of a gas, adiabatic demagnetization, helium dilution refrigeration; black body radiation; negative temperatures. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2101 and PHYS 2305 , MATH 2007 , MATH 2008 , MATH 2107 and MATH 2401 or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 3606 [0.5 credit] Modern Physics II Elements of condensed matter physics, semiconductors, superconductivity. Elements of nuclear physics, fission, fusion, power generation. Introduction to particle physics. Ionizing radiation: production, interactions, detection. Medical physics: radiation biophysics, cancer therapy, imaging. Also listed as PHYS 3608 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2007 and PHYS 2605 , or PHYS 2604 , and PHYS 3701 , or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week, laboratory two hours a week. PHYS 3608 [0.5 credit] Modern Applied Physics Elements of condensed matter physics, semiconductors, superconductivity. Modern optics. Elements of nuclear physics, fission, fusion, power generation. Ionizing radiation: production, interactions, detection. Medical physics: radiation biophysics, cancer therapy, imaging. Also listed as PHYS 3606 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2007 and PHYS 2605 , or PHYS 2604 , and PHYS 3701 , or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week. PHYS 3701 [0.5 credit] Elements of Quantum Mechanics Analysis of interference experiments with waves and particles; fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics, Schrödinger equation; angular momentum, atomic beams; hydrogen atom; atomic and molecular spectroscopy; Pauli principle; simple applications in the physics of elementary particles. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 3705 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2605 or PHYS 2604 , MATH 2002 or MATH 2004 and MATH 3705 (may be taken concurrently), or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 3705 [0.5 credit] Introduction to Quantum Systems This course is aimed at Computer Science and other students interested in developing a foundational understanding of quantum systems. Topics include: postulates of quantum mechanics, Hilbert space and observables, qubits, 2 state systems, entanglement, Schrodinger equation, 1D potentials, tunnelling, EPR paradox. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 3701 . Prerequisite(s): ( MATH 1004 or MATH 1007 ) and ( MATH 1104 or MATH 1107 ). Lectures three hours a week PHYS 3801 [0.5 credit] Classical Mechanics Introduction to Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics: Poisson brackets, tensors and dyadics; rigid body rotations: introductory fluid mechanics coupled systems and normal coordinates; relativistic dynamics. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2101 , PHYS 2202 , PHYS 2305 , MATH 2007 , MATH 2008 , MATH 2107 , MATH 2401 or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 3802 [0.5 credit] Advanced Dynamics Equations of motion for a single particle. Oscillatory Motion. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of mechanics. Central force motion. Motion of systems of particles and of rigid bodies. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2305 , ( MATH 2001 and MATH 2002 ) or MATH 2004 , or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 3807 [0.5 credit] Mathematical Physics I Boundary Value problems involving curvilinear coordinates; spherical harmonics, Bessel functions, Green's functions. Functions of a complex variable: analytic functions, contour integration, residue calculus. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for MATH 3007 or MATH 3057 . Prerequisite(s): ELEC 2501 or PHYS 2305 , MATH 2004 , MATH 3705 or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week, tutorial one hour a week. PHYS 3808 [0.5 credit] Mathematical Physics II Solution of second-order total differential equations by Frobenius' method. Sturm-Liouville theory. Special functions: Legendre, Bessel. Hermite, Laguerre and associated functions. Partial differential equations: method of separation of variables, eigenfunctions and eigenvalues and eigenfunction expansions. Green's function techniques for solving inhomogeneous partial differential equations. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for MATH 3004, MATH 3008 , MATH 3705 , and PHYS 3806. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3807 or MATH 3007 or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 3999 [0.0 credit] Co-operative Work Term Report Provides practical experience for students enrolled in the Co-operative option. Students must receive satisfactory evaluations from their work term employer. Written and oral reports will be required. Graded as Sat or Uns. Prerequisite(s): registration in the Physics Co-operative education option and permission of the Department. PHYS 4007 [0.5 credit] Fourth-Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars Students complete a small number of experiments selected from modern optics, holography, atomic physics, nuclear spectroscopy, radiation, etc. An exercise on literature searches and student seminars on experimental and numerical methods are included. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3606 (or PHYS 3608 ) and registration in the Engineering Physics program. Laboratory, six hours a week. PHYS 4008 [0.5 credit] Fourth-Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Workshop Students complete a small number of experiments selected from modern optics, holography, atomic physics, nuclear spectroscopy, radiation, etc. Instruction on instrumentation building techniques will be given. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3007 . Laboratory, six hours a week. PHYS 4201 [0.5 credit] Astrophysics Stellar evolution, including stellar modeling, main sequence stars, red giants and the end states of stars such as neutron stars and black holes. Galactic structure and dynamics. Neutrino astrophysics. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3701 , PHYS 3606 or PHYS 3608 , and PHYS 2401 or PHYS 4409 , or permission of the Department. ( PHYS 3606 or PHYS 3608 and PHYS 4409 may be taken concurrently). Also offered at the graduate level, with different requirements, as PHYS 5401 , for which additional credit is precluded. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 4202 [0.5 credit] Cosmology Observational evidence for the Big Bang. Cosmological space-time, expansion dynamics and contents of the universe. Physical processes in the expanding universe, inflation, nucleosynthesis, the cosmic microwave background, dark matter, and dark energy. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3701 , PHYS 3606 or PHYS 3608 , and PHYS 2401 or PHYS 4409 , or permission of the Department. ( PHYS 3606 or PHYS 3608 and PHYS 4409 may be taken concurrently). Also offered at the graduate level, with different requirements, as PHYS 5402 , for which additional credit is precluded. Lectures three hours per week. PHYS 4203 [0.5 credit] Physical Applications of Fourier Analysis Fourier transform, convolution. Sampling theorem. Applications to imaging: descriptors of spatial resolution, filtering. Correlation, noise power. Discrete Fourier transform, FFT. Filtering of noisy signals. Image reconstruction in computed tomography and magnetic resonance. Laplace transform. Integral transforms, application to boundary value problems. Prerequisite(s): MATH 3705 , or permission of the Department. Also offered at the graduate level, with different requirements, as PHYS 5313 , for which additional credit is precluded. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 4208 [0.5 credit] Modern Optics Electromagnetic wave propagation; reflection, refraction; Gaussian beams, guided waves. Laser theory: stimulated emission, cavity optics, modes, gain and bandwidth; atomic and molecular lasers. Mode locking, Q switching. Diffraction theory, coherence, Fourier optics, holography, laser applications. Optical communication systems, nonlinear effects: devices, fibre sensors, integrated optics. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 2212 or PHYS 2202 , PHYS 3606 (or PHYS 3608 ), and PHYS 3308 or permission of the Department. Also offered at the graduate level, with different requirements, as PHYS 5318 , for which additional credit is precluded. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 4307 [0.5 credit] Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic wave propagation in a vacuum, dielectrics, conductors, and ionized gases, reflection, refraction, polarization at the plane boundary between two media; waveguide and transmission line propagation; dipole and quadrupole radiation fields; antenna systems. Electromagnetic mass, radiation pressure. Tensor notation, transformation of the electromagnetic fields. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3308 , PHYS 3801 , PHYS 3807 and PHYS 3808 (except for Mathematics and Physics Double Honours students), or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 4407 [0.5 credit] Statistical Physics Equilibrium statistical mechanics and its relation to thermodynamics. Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics are derived, and applied in appropriate physical situations. Fluctuations. Kinetics and transport processes, including the Boltzmann transport equation and some of its applications. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3402 , PHYS 2602 or PHYS 3601, PHYS 3701 or PHYS 3602, PHYS 4707 (may be taken concurrently); or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 4409 [0.5 credit] Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics The three Laws of Thermodynamics, enthalpy, Helmholtz and Gibbs functions. Equilibrium statistical mechanics and its relation to thermodynamics. Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics. Precludes additional credit for Precludes additional credit for PHYS 3402 and PHYS 4407 . Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3701 (may be taken concurrently), ( MATH 2001 and MATH 2002 ) or MATH 2004 , and MATH 3705 , or permission of the Department. PHYS 4508 [0.5 credit] Solid State Physics An introduction to solid state physics. Topics include crystal structure, phonons and lattice vibrations, conductors, semiconductors, insulators and superconductivity. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3606 or PHYS 3608 , and PHYS 3701 , or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 4602 [0.5 credit] Physics of Elementary Particles Standard Model. Properties of leptons, quarks, hadrons. Fundamental interactions: photon, gluons, W/Z bosons. Higgs boson. Conservation laws, invariance principles, quantum numbers. Decay rates and scattering cross-sections. Quantum electrodynamics and chromodynamics. Resonances. Weak interactions, CKM matrix, parity and CP violation. Neutrino masses and oscillations. Future directions. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 4707 or permission of the Department. Also offered at the graduate level, with different requirements, as PHYS 5602 , for which additional credit is precluded. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 4608 [0.5 credit] Nuclear Physics Ground state properties of nuclei. Nuclear models, binding energy, properties of excited nuclei. Alpha, beta and gamma decay. Passage of radiation through matter, detectors. Nuclear reactions, cross sections, fission, fusion. Elements of neutron physics. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3606 or PHYS 3608 or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 4705 [0.5 credit] Introduction to Quantum Phenomena Postulates of Quantum Mechanics, Quantum communication and cryptography, Entanglement, EPR paradox and Bell inequalities, Introduction to wave mechanics: Energy quantization and tunneling, Survey of quantum material: superconductor, topological insulators, semimetals. Survey of quantum sensing: NMR, trapped ions, superconducting qubit, atomic clocks. Also offered at the graduate level, with different requirements, as PHYS 5705 , for which additional credit is precluded. Lectures three hours per week. PHYS 4707 [0.5 credit] Introduction to Quantum Mechanics I The basic interpretative postulates of quantum mechanics; applications of wave mechanics and operator methods to various quantum mechanical systems; quantum mechanical treatment of angular momentum. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3701 and PHYS 3807 or equivalent, or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 4708 [0.5 credit] Introduction to Quantum Mechanics II Scattering theory and application; bound state problems; approximation methods. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 4707 or permission of the Department. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 4804 [0.5 credit] Introduction to General Relativity Special relativity using tensor analysis. Curved spacetime with physics applications which may include the solar system, stars, black holes and gravitational waves. Introduction to differential geometry and Einstein's field equations. Prerequisite(s): PHYS 3802 or equivalent, or permission of the Department. Also offered at the graduate level, with different requirements, as PHYS 5804 , for which additional credit is precluded. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 4807 [0.5 credit] Statistical Data Analysis Techniques for Physics Computational methods used in analysis of experimental data. Introduction to probability and random variables. Monte Carlo methods for simulation of random processes. Statistical methods for parameter estimation and hypothesis tests. Confidence intervals. Multivariate data classification. Unfolding methods. Examples primarily from particle and medical physics. Prerequisite(s): third year standing in a physics program and an ability to program in Python, Java, C or C+ +, and permission of the Department. Also offered at the graduate level, with different requirements, as PHYS 5002 , for which additional credit is precluded. Lectures three hours a week. PHYS 4901 [0.5 credit] Special Topics in Physics Each year, at the direction of the Department, a course on a special topic may be offered. Prerequisite(s): permission of the Department. PHYS 4907 [0.5 credit] Fourth-Year Project Advanced projects of an experimental or theoretical nature with an orientation towards research. A written mid-term progress report is required and also a written and oral report at the conclusion of the project. Prerequisite(s): fourth-year standing in an Honours Physics program or equivalent, and permission of the Department. Project. Fall term only. PHYS 4908 [0.5 credit] Fourth-Year Project Advanced projects of an experimental or theoretical nature with an orientation towards research. A written mid-term progress report is required and also a written and oral report at the conclusion of the project. Prerequisite(s): fourth-year standing in an Honours Physics program or equivalent, and permission of the Department. Project. Winter term only. PHYS 4909 [1.0 credit] Fourth-Year Project Advanced projects of an experimental or theoretical nature with an orientation towards research. A written mid-term progress report is required and also a written and oral report at the conclusion of the project. Prerequisite(s): fourth-year standing in an Honours Physics program or equivalent, and permission of the Department. Project Note: Not all courses listed are offered in a given year. For an up-to-date statement of course offerings for the current session and to determine the term of offering, consult the class schedule at central.carleton.ca . Summer session: some of the courses listed in this Calendar are offered during the summer. Hours and scheduling for summer session courses will differ significantly from those reported in the fall/winter Calendar. To determine the scheduling and hours for summer session classes, consult the class schedule at central.carleton.ca B.Sc. Regulations The regulations presented in this section apply to all Bachelor of Science programs. In addition to the requirements presented here, students must satisfy the University regulations common to all undergraduate students including the process of Academic Continuation Evaluation (see the Academic Regulations of the University section of this Calendar). Breadth Requirement for the B.Sc. Students in a Bachelor of Science program must present the following credits at graduation: 2.0 credits in Science Continuation courses not in the major discipline; students completing a double major are considered to have completed this requirement providing they have 2.0 credits in Science Continuation courses in each of the two majors; 2.0 credits in courses outside of the faculties of Science and Engineering and Design (may include ISAP 1000) In most cases, the requirements for individual B.Sc. programs, as stated in this Calendar, contain these requirements, explicitly or implicitly. Students admitted to B.Sc. programs by transfer from another institution must present at graduation (whether taken at Carleton or elsewhere): 2.0 credits in courses outside of the faculties of Science and Engineering and Design (may include ISAP 1000) if the student received fewer than 10.0 transfer credits; or, 1.0 credit in courses outside of the faculties of Science and Engineering and Design (may include ISAP 1000) if the student received 10.0 or more transfer credits. Declared and Undeclared Students Degree students are considered "Undeclared" if they have been admitted to a degree, but have not yet selected and been accepted into a program within that degree. The status "Undeclared" is available only in the B.A. and B.Sc. degrees. Undeclared students must apply to enter a program upon or before completing 3.5 credits. Change of Program within the B.Sc. Degree To transfer to a program within the B.Sc. degree, applicants must normally be Eligible to Continue (EC) in the new program, by meeting the CGPA thresholds described in Section 3.1.9 of the Academic Regulations of the University. Applications to declare or change programs within the B.Sc. degree must be made online through Carleton Central by completing a Change of Program Elements (COPE) application form within the published deadlines. Acceptance into a program, or into a program element or option, is subject to any enrolment limitations, and/or specific program, program element or option requirements as published in the relevant Calendar entry. Minors, Concentrations, and Specializations Students may add a Minor, Concentration, or Specialization by completing a Change of Program Elements (COPE) application form online through Carleton Central. Acceptance into a Minor, Concentration, or Specialization normally requires that the student be Eligible to Continue (EC) and is meeting the minimum CGPAs described in Section 3.1.9 of the Academic Regulations of the University , as well as being subject to any specific requirements of the intended Minor, Concentration, or Specialization as published in the relevant Calendar entry. Experimental Science Requirement Students in a B.Sc. degree program must present at graduation at least two full credits of Experimental Science chosen from two different departments or institutes from the list below: Approved Experimental Science Courses Biochemistry BIOC 2200 [0.5] Cellular Biochemistry BIOC 3103 [0.5] Experimental Biochemistry I: Principles and Practices BIOC 3104 [0.5] Experimental Biochemistry II: Research Experience BIOC 4001 [0.5] Methods in Biochemistry BIOC 4201 [0.5] Advanced Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering Biology BIOL 1103 [0.5] Foundations of Biology I BIOL 1104 [0.5] Foundations of Biology II BIOL 2001 [0.5] Animals: Form and Function BIOL 2002 [0.5] Plants: Form and Function BIOL 2104 [0.5] Introductory Genetics BIOL 2200 [0.5] Cellular Biochemistry BIOL 2600 [0.5] Ecology Chemistry CHEM 1001 [0.5] General Chemistry I CHEM 1002 [0.5] General Chemistry II CHEM 2103 [0.5] Physical Chemistry I CHEM 2203 [0.5] Organic Chemistry I CHEM 2204 [0.5] Organic Chemistry II CHEM 2302 [0.5] Analytical Chemistry I CHEM 2303 [0.5] Analytical Chemistry II CHEM 2800 [0.5] Foundations for Environmental Chemistry Earth Sciences ERTH 1002 [0.5] The Earth and Life Odyssey: A Journey Through Billions of Years ERTH 2102 [0.5] Mineralogy to Petrology ERTH 2404 [0.5] Engineering Geoscience ERTH 2802 [0.5] Field Geology I ERTH 3111 [0.5] Vertebrate Evolution: Mammals, Reptiles, and Birds ERTH 3112 [0.5] Vertebrate Evolution: Fish and Amphibians ERTH 3204 [0.5] Mineral Deposits ERTH 3205 [0.5] Physical Hydrogeology Food Sciences FOOD 3001 [0.5] Food Chemistry FOOD 3002 [0.5] Food Analysis FOOD 3005 [0.5] Food Microbiology Geography GEOG 1010 [0.5] Global Environmental Systems GEOG 3108 [0.5] Soil Properties Neuroscience NEUR 3206 [0.5] Sensory and Motor Neuroscience NEUR 3207 [0.5] Systems Neuroscience NEUR 4600 [0.5] Advanced Lab in Neuroanatomy Physics PHYS 1001 [0.5] Foundations of Physics I PHYS 1002 [0.5] Foundations of Physics II PHYS 1003 [0.5] Introductory Mechanics and Thermodynamics PHYS 1004 [0.5] Introductory Electromagnetism and Wave Motion PHYS 1007 [0.5] Elementary University Physics I PHYS 1008 [0.5] Elementary University Physics II PHYS 2007 [0.5] Second Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars PHYS 3007 [0.5] Third Year Physics Laboratory: Selected Experiments and Seminars PHYS 3606 [0.5] Modern Physics II PHYS 3608 [0.5] Modern Applied Physics Course Categories for B.Sc. Programs